Forest role wood development

One of the most important environmental issues facing our planet is the destruction of the world's forests. The problems associated with deforestation include depletion of firewood supplies, severe flooding, accelerated loss of soil and declining soil productivity. All of us face a catastrophic future because of worldwide deforestation; the loss of forests is a major cause of the "greenhouse effect". John Perlin shows in this detailed study the role forests played in the development of past civilizations. Wood was the principal fuel and building material of almost every society from the Bronze Age to the nineteenth century. Its availability shaped in large part the culture, economy and technology of past societies. This examination of how other societies dealt with the consequences of deforestation is an important resource for better understanding and resolving these problems today.

Chronicles the destruction of the world's forests as a result of overdependency on wood as a building and energy source, and points out the resultant declining soil productivity, flooding, and depletion of firewood supplies

This is the first book in over two decades devoted to the most important garden designer of the twentieth century. Gertrude Jekyll (1843–1932) laid the basis for modern garden design and is credited with popularizing an informal, naturalistic look in counterpoint to the rigid, formal landscapes of the Victorian era. Her collaboration with Edwin Lutyens produced seminal garden masterpieces of the Arts & Crafts movement, including Hestercombe and Folly Farm. Also known as a prolific and influential writer, Jekyll contributed more than a hundred articles to Country Life and designed three gardens for the publication’s founder, Edward Hudson. As a result, the Country Life archive has an unrivaled record of her work. This book includes a combination of both archival black-and-white and contemporary color photographs highlighting a selection of the more than 350 gardens Jekyll created. The book is organized in four sections and then concludes with an extensive bibliography and index. Introduction: Biographical overview: family, training, early influences, travel, homes; Accomplishments as an artist, gardener, designer, and writer; Circle of friends: artists, gardeners, architects, and writers; importance of their personal gardens, such as Gravetye Manor and Warley Place; Relationship with Country Life, Hudson, E. T. Cook, Robinson, Tipping, Weaver, Hussey; Importance of GJ's articles, books, and editorial activities related to Country Life Home and Garden: Discussion of Munstead Wood: its design, development, role of Lutyens, role played in Jekyll's books and articles for Country Life; visuals b/w, autochromes, and new color. Gardens of Lutyens and Jekyll: Discussion of their working and personal relationship; Jekyll's style with Lutyens design; progression of their partnership; Examples include: Orchards (1899), Tigbourne Court (1899), Goddards (1899), Deanery (1901), Bois des Moutiers (1904), Millmead (1905), Marsh Court (1905), Folly Farm (1906), Lambay (1907), Hestercombe (1908), Lindisfarne (1911), Gledstone (1925), Queen's Dolls' House (1924) Gardens for Small Country Houses: Jekyll's garden design style, her work with other architects, gardens she wrote about in Country Life, and influence on other designers; Examples include: Owlpen Manor, Little Boarhunt and Durford Edge (Triggs); Mounton House (Tipping); Hurtwood House and Westbrook (Turner); Manor House at Upton Grey (Newton), Townhill Park (Guthrie); Valewood Farm, Woodhouse Copse, (Oliver Hill) Garden Ornament: common features in period gardens drawn from Jekyll's books Wall and Water Gardens, Gardens for Small Country Houses, and Garden Ornament, with her comments; Examples of pergolas, arbors, water features, garden houses, ornament, etc., such as Iford, Easton,  (Peto); Deanery, Heywood, Marsh Court (Lutyens); Mathern and Mounton (Tipping); Leasowes and other Cotswold houses (Gimson et al); Little Boarhunt (Triggs), and more.